Genetic basis of The white gloves pattern in Birmans - is caused by a specific variant in the KIT gene (c.1035-1036delGCinsTG). This mutation affects pigment distribution resulting in the characteristic white feet. The trait is inherited as an autosomal recessive gene: Cats with two copies of the mutation (homozygous, G/G) will have the Birman gloving pattern. Cats with one copy (heterozygous, N/G) are carriers but do not show the pattern themselves. Cats with no copies (N/N) do not have white gloves and cannot pass the trait to offspring.
Breed Specificis - The mutation is virtually fixed in purebred Birman cats, meaning almost all Birmans have two copies of the allele and show the white gloves pattern. This allele is also found at lower frequencies in other breeds like Ragdolls, Egyptian Maus, Maine Coons, and others, but it is not associated with gloving in those breeds the way it is in Birmans. In Birman breed standards, the white gloves pattern is essential, and genetic testing can confirm the presence of the mutation.
Testing and Breeding Implications - Genetic testing is available for the Birman gloving mutation to determine whether a cat is homozygous gloved, a carrier, or lacks the allele. For breeders, ensuring cats are homozygous (G/G) helps maintain the breed standard of white gloves. Cats heterozygous for the mutation (carriers) usually do not display the gloving phenotype but can pass it on. Outcrosses to other breeds may result in carriers or cats without gloves, which is useful information for breeding programs.
Summary - The white gloves pattern in Birman cats results from a recessive mutation in the KIT gene. Cats must inherit two copies of this mutation to display the breed’s signature white paws. This pattern is a defining feature of Birmans, with most purebreds homozygous for the allele. Although the mutation is present at low frequencies in other breeds, the gloving feature linked specifically to this variant is unique to Birmans. Genetic testing supports breed management and confirmation of the classic Birman gloves.
